The most-studied metabolic research peptides all act on the same family of receptors — the incretin system. Understanding the three receptors makes the compound differences clear.
The three receptors
- GLP-1 (glucagon-like peptide-1) — central to glucose-regulation and satiety signaling research.
- GIP (glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide) — a second incretin receptor studied alongside GLP-1.
- Glucagon — a receptor involved in energy-mobilization pathways.
How the compounds map
Semaglutide targets GLP-1; tirzepatide targets GIP+GLP-1; retatrutide targets all three. That receptor count is the main axis of comparison in this research area.
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